Tragic Triumph :: essays research papers

It only takes a discerning eye to realize that life does not consist of fairy tale endings. That fact is either too apparent in Arthur Millers The Crucible, a shit which has been labeled atragedy by many critics. Robert Heilman defines a tragedy as a work of literature in which a face divided within the self makes excerptions, bears the consequences of those choices, gains anew awareness, and suffers victory in defeat. As you will see, John varan is a perfectprotagonist.The main choice which Proctor must make is simple enough to recognize lie about hisparticipation in witchcraft or proclaim his innocence and be hanged however, the actual processof making this decision is not as easy. Proctor vacillates between dishonesty and the upholdingof societys and his own morals. In Act IV, anxiety permeates the air as Proctor puts his nameon the confession but somewhere between the quill and the quintessence of the tragedy, Proctorhas a change of heart. I believe that the nice point at which he realizes the exigency of thesituation is when he emits the soul-wrenching cry, You will not use me (142). And so, withthese words, the first cookery of a tragedy is furnished.Miller spares us the full repercussions of Proctors decision by ending the butterfly before thehangings. Still, it is evident what the consequence of Proctors insistent grip on integrity will bedeath. I find it much more fitting that Miller excludes the most disparaging part of the play andinstead instills in our minds the positive side. Elizabeth plants the seed of this thought when sheproclaims of John, He deplete his goodness now (143). This statement creates perfect balance inthe conclusion of the play, allowing the reader to experience the full psychological slant of theSalem Witch Trials while permitting the first appearance of the optimists viewpoint.Before his untimely death, Proctor gains an awareness of life possible only to those whohold it in insufficient pass on and observe it siftin g through their fingers desire the Sands of Time. His epiphany occurs just after the destruction of the confession, when all havoc breaks loose. Inmany prior instances throughout the play Proctors integrity had been alluded to, although thetaint of lechery prevented any hindrance of our suspicions. Proctor finally admits it both tous and to himself in saying, I do think I see some rupture of goodness in John Proctor (144). Although it is changeful whether characters such as Hale ever reached this same point ofTragic Triumph essays research papers It hardly takes a discerning eye to realize that life does not consist of fairy tale endings. That fact is all too apparent in Arthur Millers The Crucible, a work which has been labeled atragedy by many critics. Robert Heilman defines a tragedy as a work of literature in which acharacter divided within the self makes choices, bears the consequences of those choices, gains anew awareness, and suffers victory in defeat. As you will see , John Proctor is a perfectprotagonist.The main choice which Proctor must make is simple enough to recognize lie about hisparticipation in witchcraft or proclaim his innocence and be hanged however, the actual processof making this decision is not as easy. Proctor vacillates between dishonesty and the upholdingof societys and his own morals. In Act IV, anxiety permeates the air as Proctor puts his nameon the confession but somewhere between the quill and the quintessence of the tragedy, Proctorhas a change of heart. I believe that the precise point at which he realizes the exigency of thesituation is when he emits the soul-wrenching cry, You will not use me (142). And so, withthese words, the first provision of a tragedy is furnished.Miller spares us the full repercussions of Proctors decision by ending the play before thehangings. Still, it is evident what the consequence of Proctors insistent grip on integrity will bedeath. I find it much more fitting that Miller excludes the most disparaging part of the play andinstead instills in our minds the positive side. Elizabeth plants the seed of this thought when sheproclaims of John, He have his goodness now (143). This statement creates perfect balance inthe conclusion of the play, allowing the reader to experience the full psychological weight of theSalem Witch Trials while permitting the presentation of the optimists viewpoint.Before his untimely death, Proctor gains an awareness of life possible only to those whohold it in insufficient hands and observe it sifting through their fingers like the Sands of Time. His epiphany occurs just after the destruction of the confession, when all havoc breaks loose. Inmany prior instances throughout the play Proctors integrity had been alluded to, although thetaint of lechery prevented any confirmation of our suspicions. Proctor finally admits it both tous and to himself in saying, I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor (144). Although it is uncertain wheth er characters such as Hale ever reached this same point of

William Shakespeares Hamlet :: Excessive Thought in Hamlet

Books upon books have been written about Shakespeares Hamlet. About an compeer number of books, however, have been written about one character Hamlet. A critic of Hamlet once said, a man set out to cross-file all the books about Hamlet would have time to read nothing else, not even Hamlet. What is the great fascination with Hamlet and the characters contained within. The great intrigue comes from the ambiguity of the play and its characters. Hamlet is the tragedy of reflection. The cause of the heros delay is irresolution and the cause of this is excess of the reflexive and speculative habit of the spirit. (Halliday. 217) The primer that there are so some(prenominal) critics is that there are just as many theories and speculations. Even in the twentieth century on could stool or discover a new theory or criticism based on the play or its characters. The character Hamlet, alone, has over both dozen critics from Quinn to Coleridge. Some critics come up with sane interpret ations of Hamlet while others use wild and crazy themes. Some conclude that the problem with Hamlet, and a perfect dissertation used by many disciples, is madness versus sanity. The theories progress from there. The theories range from manic-depressant to homosexual. Some are even very creative such as the thesis that Hamlet is actually a female raised as a male. But no matter how many theories, speculations, or thesis there are, many hold some ground. This thesis paper will not stress on any of the statements I have listed above. However, I will take a stand with Coleridge and speak about Hamlets genius and cognitive activity. Hamlets true dilemma is not one of sanity -Vs- insanity but one pressing his cerebral capacity. Being a scholar, Hamlet is prone to thought rather than actions. Cause of Hamlets destiny. . . in intellectual terms . . . is a tragedy . . . of excessive thought. (Mack. 43) Hamlets role was to make a transcendental move from scholarly prince to man of action. Hopefully this field of study will help open another, or even stress a classic, view as to Hamlets character and his prolonged delay. When a student goes to write about Hamlets character they often begin by hitting a wall. Not the usual writers block in which the mind goes blank, but one of information loaded upon information.

Effects of Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy Essay -- Essays Papers

Effects of Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy Throughout the years of my life, I cede had to deal with people that I love dearly suffer from pubic louse. When I was 10 years old, I lost my father to cancer. It was a devastating foul up to my life, even though I was young and didnt really understand what was going on, the impact that it played made on me, made me think what was the organise of living. As time went on many people that played a special role in my life died of cancer, and many survived and fought the dangerous disease. Just a year ago, another individual to me that meant the world to me told me that they had cancer, and that was my mother. The first thing I thought, death, and how was I going to cope with it. My mother always taught me to think positive in the lead negative, but the word cancer makes you think of death being the fact that its a deadly disease. Eventually my mother overcame the disease and is doing well, despite nigh things that s he cant do anymore due to the effects of radiation. Radiation has not changed my mother at all, but it has made her a wiser person, and she is not mortified to tell anyone her story. Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Cancer is caused by both external and internal factors. to a greater extent than 175,000 women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in 1999 and approximately 44,000 died of the disease (Kasper and Ferguson 1). Many people with diets that include a high-level of fruits, vegetables, and fiber may lower the circumstance of some forms of cancer. Statistically about 547, 000 people will die of cancer (Cook 5). This is nearly 1, 500 people will die per day. In the United States, brea... ...mes suicide. intimately people cant deal with the fact that they cant go back living their normal lives. Some people wont admit the guilt, resentment, anger that they feel. Family is a good s ource to turn to talk about your feelings, and how to cope with the issues your facing. In addition to family, religion is strength for a person to turn to. There has been a steady rise in the cancer mortality rate in the United States in the last half-century (Cook 5). The future of cancer has nowhere to go but up. With all the treatments that helped people overcome the dangerous disease, there will never be a cure for cancer, and if there is than well and be in suspense. Many people survive and beat the disease, but 1 out of every 10 people that beat the disease, will hold out the disease again, maybe in the same form, but often in a more serious stage.

Tess Of The D Urbervilles - Finding A Place In Life :: essays research papers

Finding A Place In Life          By human nature, people need a sense of be to be happy and fulfilled in keep. It is more difficult for some to achieve this goal than others. Having friends and being loved is an important part of life for approximately people, yet if this is difficult for them to achieve, this goal could consume their life.     This is true in Thomas Hardys novel Tess of the dUrbervilles, where Tess, a descriptively pretty young girl goes to great lengths to gravel her place in the world. She moves from town to town searching for her place in society. She first settles in the city of Marlott where she leads a simple life. "Tess at this measure of her life was a mere vessel of emotion untinctured by experience" (Hardy 11). Tess continues to become to different towns in hopes she will improve her life by finding the someone she wishes to spend the rest of her life with. Throughout all this disr uption in her life, "she is an ambitious woman in search of a new sensation" (Hardy 15). She continues to travel because she wants more from life and has the ambition to attempt to find her place.      Tess had to cope with many threatening, dangerous, and sad situations during her search. The first occurs when she arrives in the growing town of Tantridge. There she worked as a dairymaid on the Flintcomb-Ash Farm. Even with her dislike for this job she continues to work at it for over two years until she knows for certain that this is not her place in the world. As she "progresses (she) wonder whether it would be wiser to return home. The resolve, however had been taken, and it seems Vacillating to abandon it now, unless for graver reasons" (Hardy 67). As she continues to live in Tantridge, she gets into fights, drinks, and ends up being raped and impregnated. Alec is the man who attempts to impel Tess that she belongs with him, and that they wer e meant to be together. In her heart Tess realizes Alec is not the man she wishes to be with. Unfortunately she continues on in the one-sided relationship which leads to Alec raping Tess. She does not yet know how grave the consequences are for not being a pure woman. This idea of being a pure woman is so important in this period of time that Tess keeps it a secret even from Angel, who is her new love and the man she wants to spend the rest of her life with.

Teen Smoking :: essays research papers

stripling SmokingDue to peer pressure, propaganda and availability, teenage smoking has been onthe rise since 1986. Three thousand children start using tobacco each daybecause of the minus influences aimed toward them. Our President and theAmerican Medical Association lay down interpreted action and have urged tobacco companiesto do the same against under age smoking. Despite both positive actions againstit, "pack-a-day" smoking has risen thirty-three Percent in the past ten yearsamong high school seniors.Through disclose life children and adults are existence persuaded to do or try somethingthat goes against what they believe. Peer pressure is harsh place in gradeschool, where children are constantly universe exposed to smoking. Cigarettes arebeing smoked everywhere authority is not, during school or some(prenominal) other place kidscongregate. Kids smoke because they indirect request to feel like they fit in and theywant to rebel at the same time. "U.S. News d iscussed the smoking issue withtwenty teenagers from suburban Balti more than. Half were boys, half girls, and allwere between the ages of fifteen and seventeen. Over more than iv hours ofconversation, it became evanesce that most teens smoked for two seeminglycontradictory reasons They want to be part of a peer group, while rejectingsociety and its norms. They want to reach out and rebel at the sametime."(Roberts 38) Tobacco companies spend four billion dollars each year inadvertising and promotional costs and claim in that respect is no health risk. Six hundredthousand passel die every year from smoking related illness, and others quit.Teenagers are not concerned well-nigh their health. The tobacco industry tries toappeal to the youth. The earlier kids get hooked, the more secure the companiessales are. "For the tobacco industry, these youngsters are an essential sourceof new customers. While tooshie makers deny it, advertising and promotion ofyouthful smoking intell igibly helped attract the attention of teens. The rate ofyouthful smoking dropped steadily from 1976 until 1984, then leveled off--justas goat companies boosted promotional budgets."(Roberts 38)Availability of cigarettes for minors is easier than one might think. Childrenhave access to tobacco products many ways. They could steal them from theirparent or relative, and from a store. Their family might similarly give themcigarettes, and the child smokes them with their friends. Kids can purchasesmokes from an unguarded sell machine or gas station with ease. If that doesnot work they can ask soul old enough to buy packs for them. Although, it isjust as well-heeled to walk into any store and ask for them. Convenience stores areconstantly getting fined for the nonaged sale of tobacco.Teen Smoking essays research papers Teen SmokingDue to peer pressure, propaganda and availability, teenage smoking has been onthe rise since 1986. Three thousand children start using tobacco each daybecause of the negative influences aimed toward them. Our President and theAmerican Medical Association have taken action and have urged tobacco companiesto do the same against under age smoking. Despite all positive actions againstit, "pack-a-day" smoking has risen thirty-three Percent in the past ten yearsamong high school seniors.Throughout life children and adults are being persuaded to do or try somethingthat goes against what they believe. Peer pressure is common place in gradeschool, where children are constantly being exposed to smoking. Cigarettes arebeing smoked everywhere authority is not, during school or any other place kidscongregate. Kids smoke because they want to feel like they fit in and theywant to rebel at the same time. "U.S. News discussed the smoking issue withtwenty teenagers from suburban Baltimore. Half were boys, half girls, and allwere between the ages of fifteen and seventeen. Over more than four hours ofconversation, it became clear that most teens smoked for two seeminglycontradictory reasons They want to be part of a peer group, while rejectingsociety and its norms. They want to reach out and rebel at the sametime."(Roberts 38) Tobacco companies spend four billion dollars each year inadvertising and promotional costs and claim there is no health risk. Six hundredthousand people die every year from smoking related illness, and others quit.Teenagers are not concerned about their health. The tobacco industry tries toappeal to the youth. The earlier kids get hooked, the more secure the companiessales are. "For the tobacco industry, these youngsters are an essential sourceof new customers. While cigarette makers deny it, advertising and promotion ofyouthful smoking clearly helped attract the attention of teens. The rate ofyouthful smoking dropped steadily from 1976 until 1984, then leveled off--justas cigarette companies boosted promotional budgets."(Roberts 38)Availability of cigarettes for minors is easi er than one might think. Childrenhave access to tobacco products many ways. They could steal them from theirparent or relative, and from a store. Their family might also give themcigarettes, and the child smokes them with their friends. Kids can purchasesmokes from an unguarded vending machine or gas station with ease. If that doesnot work they can ask someone old enough to buy packs for them. Although, it isjust as easy to walk into any store and ask for them. Convenience stores areconstantly getting fined for the underage sale of tobacco.

Teen Smoking :: essays research papers

Teen SmokingDue to peer pressure, propaganda and availability, teenage pot has been onthe rise since 1986. Three m children start using tobacco each twenty- tetrad hour periodbecause of the negative influences aimed toward them. Our President and theAmerican Medical Association feed taken action and have urged tobacco companiesto do the same against under age have. notwithstanding all positive actions againstit, "pack-a-day" smoking has risen thirty-three sh argon in the past ten yearsamong high school seniors.Throughout life children and adults are being persuaded to do or try somethingthat goes against what they believe. Peer pressure is common place in gradeschool, where children are constantly being exposed to smoking. Cigarettes arebeing smoked everywhere authority is not, during school or any other place kidscongregate. Kids smoke because they want to feel like they fit in and theywant to bob up at the same time. "U.S. News discussed the smoking issue with twenty dollar bill teenagers from suburban Baltimore. Half were boys, half girls, and allwere between the ages of fifteen and seventeen. Over more than four hours ofconversation, it became clear that most teens smoked for two seemingly unlike reasons They want to be part of a peer group, while rejectingsociety and its norms. They want to return out and rebel at the sametime."(Roberts 38) Tobacco companies make it four billion dollars each year inadvertising and promotional costs and allege there is no health risk. Six hundredthousand people die every year from smoking related illness, and others quit.Teenagers are not pertain about their health. The tobacco industry tries toappeal to the youth. The earlier kids decease hooked, the more secure the companiessales are. "For the tobacco industry, these youngsters are an essential sourceof new customers. darn cigarette makers deny it, advertising and promotion ofyouthful smoking clearly helped attract the attention of teens. The rate ofyouthful smoking dropped steadily from 1976 until 1984, then leveled off--justas cigarette companies boosted promotional budgets."(Roberts 38)Availability of cigarettes for minors is easier than one business leader think. Childrenhave access to tobacco products many ways. They could steal them from theirparent or relative, and from a store. Their family talent also give themcigarettes, and the child smokes them with their friends. Kids can purchasesmokes from an vulnerable vending machine or gas station with ease. If that doesnot work they can learn someone old enough to buy packs for them. Although, it isjust as easy to walk into any store and ask for them. Convenience stores areconstantly acquiring fined for the underage sale of tobacco.Teen Smoking essays research text file Teen SmokingDue to peer pressure, propaganda and availability, teenage smoking has been onthe rise since 1986. Three thousand children start using tobacco each daybecause of the negativ e influences aimed toward them. Our President and theAmerican Medical Association have taken action and have urged tobacco companiesto do the same against under age smoking. Despite all positive actions againstit, "pack-a-day" smoking has risen thirty-three Percent in the past ten yearsamong high school seniors.Throughout life children and adults are being persuaded to do or try somethingthat goes against what they believe. Peer pressure is common place in gradeschool, where children are constantly being exposed to smoking. Cigarettes arebeing smoked everywhere authority is not, during school or any other place kidscongregate. Kids smoke because they want to feel like they fit in and theywant to rebel at the same time. "U.S. News discussed the smoking issue withtwenty teenagers from suburban Baltimore. Half were boys, half girls, and allwere between the ages of fifteen and seventeen. Over more than four hours ofconversation, it became clear that most teens smoked for two seeminglycontradictory reasons They want to be part of a peer group, while rejectingsociety and its norms. They want to reach out and rebel at the sametime."(Roberts 38) Tobacco companies spend four billion dollars each year inadvertising and promotional costs and claim there is no health risk. Six hundredthousand people die every year from smoking related illness, and others quit.Teenagers are not concerned about their health. The tobacco industry tries toappeal to the youth. The earlier kids get hooked, the more secure the companiessales are. "For the tobacco industry, these youngsters are an essential sourceof new customers. While cigarette makers deny it, advertising and promotion ofyouthful smoking clearly helped attract the attention of teens. The rate ofyouthful smoking dropped steadily from 1976 until 1984, then leveled off--justas cigarette companies boosted promotional budgets."(Roberts 38)Availability of cigarettes for minors is easier than one might think. C hildrenhave access to tobacco products many ways. They could steal them from theirparent or relative, and from a store. Their family might also give themcigarettes, and the child smokes them with their friends. Kids can purchasesmokes from an unguarded vending machine or gas station with ease. If that doesnot work they can ask someone old enough to buy packs for them. Although, it isjust as easy to walk into any store and ask for them. Convenience stores areconstantly getting fined for the underage sale of tobacco.

Gerbner’s Cultivation Theory and the CSI Effect on Jurors Essay

The Maricopa County Attorneys Office presented a paper in 2005 in which it examined the push of the so-called CSI effect to its jurors. The data was ga thered by means of surveying prosecutors who had jury trial experience, and from there, the poll assessed the samples perceptions as to whether the CSI effect had played a part in the decision of some juries. Interestingly, although the CSI effect may be deemed an unlikely factor, the study memorializeed that the CSI effect is real and may affect jury port (Maricopa County Attorneys Office, 2005). idiot box receiver set dateing, as some media theories defy discussed, passel create a psychological impact to its viewers peculiarly as it give the bounce inevitably serve as an educational rootage however, the problem lies in what television can in truth teach (Condry, 1989). The presence of the CSI effect in jurist and legal systems can be deemed significant especially as to how this may affect the judgment of the members of the jury.The idea that true television genres, especially along the lines of the highly popular umbrage drama Crime Scene Investigation (CSI), can affect certain trial outcomes may attend outrageous, but the CSI effect has been formal as a ground that connects the real-life justice and legal systems and products of media and pastime (Smith, Patry and Stinson, 2008 Stevens, 2008 Mardis, 2006). As the effectiveness of the justice system similarly relies on the effectiveness of its jurors, the impact of the media and entertainment products towards people in this context may be deemed problematic (Stevens, 2008).This is why it is important to evaluate the impact of the CSI effect because of its implications thereby highlighting the relationship in the midst of the law and mass communications. The term CSI effect is base on the popular television show Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) and other shows that present the pursual basic premise the ability of an (fictional) writeitativ e group in criminal offence and justice that can expose the truth order on their systematic and forward-looking processes. However, since these shows ar made for televisions, it is inevitable that these processes be glamorized and may non be realistic at all.The CSI effect therefore pertains to the influence of such(prenominal) television programs to the perceptions and manner of the people, especially in relation to the justice and legal systems (Smith, Patry and Stinson, 2008). Stevens (2008) further explains that the CSI effect is based on fictionalized accounts as to what forensic science can do but, callable to the twisted conceptions of truth of some viewers, there is the inescapable belief that these components of the shows are something happens in real life.Among the media and communication theories that can serve as fundamental mannequin of this assessment is Gerbners Cultivation Theory. The theory suggests that information sources such as television contribute t o the cultivation of the individual and the social environment therefore, conceptions of reality are formed (Gerbner & Gross, 1976 Gerbner, 1998). This theory can then be based on the concept that stories, as projected, tends to glisten a certain extent of reality, therefore, they animate a societys cultural environment.As Gerbner (1999, ix) explained the functions of stories, they illuminate the all-important but invisible relationships and hidden dynamics of life as these stories represent a horizontal surface of shared beliefs, the cultivation of these tales and representations therefore create a significant input to the perceived reality of individuals. The Cultivation Theory is as well as further supported by several studies conducted by Gerber and his colleagues with a focus on the impact of television to real humankind perceptions.This brings an interesting premise as the projected reality is based on fictional naturalise the impact of the cultivation thereby leads to be havioral effects. Television shows, as Gerbner (1998) pointed out, are important marketing tools that have affected not only the peoples perceptions but also their identity and expectations from the society. The validity of television can be based on its function, being a source of information and spectacle representing the shared images and history across many societies (Gerbner, 1998).This paper therefore aims to evaluate the relationship of Gerbners Cultivation Theory with the CSI effect, especially as to how this has affected and may affect juror perceptions and judgments. This study addresses this thesis by conducting a review of a series of related literatures that are deemed integral to a better and cohesive understanding mingled with this phenomenon and the theory of cultivation. The findings and implications discuss the degree of impact of the CSI effect and whether this is something that the justice system should seriously consider and devote attempt to.Further more, appr oaches towards the Cultivation Theory are also addressed especially in terms of its applicability to the CSI effect and juror behavior. The study then concludes with an analysis on how the findings may actually help in the formulation of a more effective jury screening process. Review of Literature Gerbners Cultivation Theory, the Media, and the Television A series of studies conducted by Gerbner and his colleagues tackled the effect of the television and its donation to the formation of reality among its viewers which are, interestingly, effect to be similar to the world in these television shows.Functioning under the umbrella of the Cultivation Theory, the studies also initiated cultivation analyses and the identification of cultural indicators that were also deemed to contribute to reality- and perception-formation among television viewers. As Gerbner (1998) explained these processes, the activity was spawned from the previous examinations on how stories, in general, may be fo rmed for the purpose of manufacturing and marketing purposes. Television is therefore seen as an important medium in story-telling, especially how technological innovations seem to have continuously supported the role of the television in the society.As Gerbners studies (1998, 1999 Gerbner & Gross, 1984 Gerbner, Gross, Morgan & Signorelli, 1984) have emphasized the role and importance of television, the origins of cultivation found its locus in this particular(a) technology and social tool. This is because media messages can be easily accessed through television, therefore the cultivation of social reality may be based on what the media feeds its viewers. However, as Gerbner (1998) noted, although the television may be an important tool, it merely plays an integral aspect in the overall dynamics of information processes and conception-formation.This is to say that, for instance, a person may be a huge fan of CSI because of its entertainment value, but the same person is also well-a ware that what he or she is appreciating is fiction and not necessarily real and factual. Hence, it can be gathered from the cultivation theory that although television plays an integral role, its effect is not absolute as people are continuously exposed to many channels of information and messages (Gerbner, 1998).The cultivation, on one hand, is seen to be more effective is the viewer is experiences a repeated photo to particular television images (Gerbner & Gross, 1976). The definition of cultivation is thereby defined as the independent contributions television viewing makes to viewer conceptions of social reality. The cultivation differential is the margin of divergence in conceptions of reality between light and heavy viewers in the same demographic sub-groups (Gerbner, Gross, Morgan and Signorielli, 1994, 23).An analysis towards Gebners theory is presented by Hughes (1980) who presented some shortcomings in the studies presented by the former and his colleagues in the context of the effect of violence in television to the perceived reality. The initial cultivation theory studies conducted by Gerbner in the1970s principally made use of the following controls age, sex and education. Hughes pointed out that there were more factors that could affect the repartees of the sample that participated in the General Social Survey such as race and income.This shows that the applicability of the cultivation theory is limited hence, how television content may moderate certain conceptions among individuals may be more minimal impact than expected. One of the studies that applied the notion of cultivation theory is a study conducted by Shrum (1999) where the author measured attitude strength and attitude extremity as implications of Gerbners cultivation theory. Shrums initial approach to the study was to weigh in theories along the lines of Gerbners work and its critics such as those presented by Hughes (1980).Basically, the author agreed with the identified shortco mings of Gerbners work although the criticisms were mostly based on the process Gerbner and his team used. Shrum also pointed out that one of the probable weaknesses of Gerbners work was the identification of the two master(prenominal) categories of samples in addition to the previously identified controls of age, sex and education participants who were heavy television viewers and those who were light television viewers. The main purpose of Shrums study was to evaluate the impact of television towards the attitudes demonstrated.Although Shrum showed that what could limit Gerbners work was the issue on the lack of efficient design, the author approached the study in a similar manner by comparing the results between heavy and light viewers as a means to identify differences. The miscellany between the heavy and the light viewers would prove to be simplistic yet substantial in the authors approach especially as the samples he used fell in the same demographic categories which were students.The studys result showed that it reflected Gerbners cultivation theory apparently, heavy television watchers were found to have the tendency to perceive a television world as compared to the light television watchers. The study examined students who watched soap operas, hence, from the results, the sampled heavy viewers were found to have the tendency to experience more distrust and possibly, more marital problems. Shrum (1999) utilized regression approaches and analyses in order to come up with this conclusion.A similar study can be also found in Quicks (2009) assessment of variation among patient response as based on whether they watch the medical drama Greys Anatomy. The study found that patients who heavily watched the show are most likely to have positive associations in terms of their perceptions towards doctors. The perception, according to this study, is not necessarily based on the positive portrayal of the doctors but rather the show was seen as a credible refere nce to what happens in the hospitals and how doctors can be expected to behave in this space.Hence, despite the presence of both positive and negative portrayals of medical professionals, heavy viewers of this particular show count the courageous and compassionate aspects of the fictional characters, hence, the study found that these patient-viewers have a positive perception towards their physicians. Quick (2009) mentioned, however, that although this context does not necessarily fork out harm, the problem is that the sensationalization of the show may further cultivate wrong or high expectations from patients.Quick (2009) further mentioned that the implications of such results can be used to make pass accurate depictions such as, in the case of Greys Anatomy, conveying important health-related information. In a sense, by using the fictional channel such as television, viewers are able to be more informed in important issues. This is discussed by Appel (2008) in which the televis ion plays an integral role in just-world beliefs as Appel mentioned, the cultivation of beliefs can be specially affective among those who heavily watch television.Appel (2008) supported this posit by conducting a comparison study between Austrian and German television viewers the main purpose of this research was to determine the degree of just-world beliefs among television viewers. The study showed that fictional narratives can change the perceptions of the people, and interestingly, these narratives ordinarily feature a world that is just. Basically, what can be attributed to this impact can be pointed at the content of the program.The effectiveness of these messages in the television world is callable to the following factors the stimulation of moral evaluation paired with the presence of resolution, and at the same time, the entertainment value of these programs (Appel, 2008). This is why, according to the author, heavy television viewers especially those who watch a lot of fictional narratives demonstrate a strong belief in a just-world as compared to viewers of infotainment and non-fiction where belief in the mean-world is seen to be more emphasized.From this, content evidently plays a role in the amount of influence to the viewers, but from this study, the fictional programs are seen to be a more effective venue in changing the beliefs of the viewers. When it comes to content, genre plays a very important role. An important point raised by Cohen and Weinmann (2000) is that the viewers themselves unconsciously cultivate themselves through television because the viewers choose which shows to watch.The selection can be based on many factors, from age, education, sex, personality and even life experiences. Since genres vary as based on content and certain plot norms, it can be gathered that social realities in these contexts also differ. Which is why, according to the authors, the view and representations on the world are not similar, and at the same ti me, these program contents may also present conflicting perspectives.Hence, in the aspect of cultivation, different attitudes and world-views can be formed Shrums (1999) and Quicks (2009) studies are only therefore applicable to the specific genres they focused on (soap operas and Greys Anatomy, respectively) and the results towards attitudes and viewer response may be different if the study evaluated viewer response towards different shows. Cultivation Theory and the Crime TV GenreWhen it comes to the cultivation impact in wickedness genres in television, Dominick (1973) examined Gerbners theory specifically his studies in cultivation when it comes to crime- or violence-related shows. Dominick mentioned that prior to Gerbners study published in 1972, there were already past studies as to the presence of crime-related shows as found on television. In fact, as the author mentioned, it was found that even in the majority of the television shows in the 1950s demonstrated many programs of this genre, and that law enforcers were already highly stereotyped.Dominick (1973) cited Gerbners previous study as a stepping stone to further analyze crime and violence on television according to the author, Gerbners studies, which covered television shows in the later half of the 1960s, showed a significant amount of violence and crime on television yet, in reality, there was the noted decrease in violence among criminals but the law enforcers maintained a certain degree of violence. In reflection, Dominick noted that on television, the law enforcers were seen as the main authoritative figure that always saves the day.Hence, in agreeing with Gerbners study, Dominicks analysis lead to further contribution as to the role of cultivation theory especially as to how the audiences are influenced on their stereotype perceptions, especially in crime- and violence-related shows. Stereotyping seems to be a common broker in television crime shows especially as this genre play up certai n norms when it comes to the supposed social reality of crime. What is interesting is that racial elements were found to be contributory to these portrayals.For instance, in a study by Dixon (2007), the author noted that responses from heavy television viewers of crime-related programs are most likely the ones to reflect a racial bias in the identification of the perpetrator and the police officer. This shows that even though fact-based programs such as the news present reality, as also adapted in fictional programs, there is the aspect of racialized portrayals. Hence, cultivation in this context has led to certain media imageries that have become a social reality based on the collective perception towards crime racial stereotypes.However, what challenges this is presented by a study conducted by Grabe and Drew (2007) in which the authors examined how crime in the media would actually successfully cultivate specific crime orientations. According to the authors, the study of crime in the media has been a prominent subject in studying cultivation. Grabe and Drew conducted a study among 505 selected adults located in Indiana, and from this, the study concluded that there was a significant variance depending on the many media genres and channels.Hence, the study showed that crime orientation among individuals may not be as strongly influenced by the media especially as viewers have different personal orientations that may affect their own worldviews. This is also reflected by a study executed by Diefenbach and West (2001) in which the authors tested the effect of cultivation theory when it comes to perceptions on violence and crime as seen on television. However, Diefenbach and West also showed results which point at the influence of light versus heavy viewers perceptions. The study showed that projections on crime rates are higher(prenominal) among heavy television viewers.On one hand, it should be also noted that in this study, as the authors pointed out, the sa mples were limited among the participants from a small North Carolina town with crime rates below the national average. The place setting of the participants can then be said to factor into perceptions, which is to say, for instance, that projections from samples from a small town may differ from those from the urban center who have a greater exposure to criminal incidences in their communities. Another variation of a study applying the cultivation theory in crime television is conducted by Heath and Petraitis (1987).According to the study, adapted perceptions projected from the television world were believed to be mostly realistic in distant settings and not in their warm environment. The study concluded that the fear viewers feel towards crime are more apparent among viewers who see the possibility of such incidents in a distant urban setting rather than in their neighborhood. Basically, based on these applications of the cultivation theory in the crime genre, it can be observe d that the varying results are due to the different impacts of many factors.It is evident that one of the crime genre norms is the utilization of stereotyped portrayals which, in the end, does lead the viewers to make certain conclusions thereby affecting their crime orientations. On one hand, other studies further look at the derivatives at the actual effect of crime television exposure among the viewers, and this shows that the cultivation theory is applicable only up to a certain extent. The validity of Gerbners cultivation theory still has to rely on the background of the viewers, the relevance of the shows content to the viewers reality, and the amount of media exposure a viewer may have.Hence, it is possible that some viewers demonstrate a quintessential example or a manifestation of Gerbners cultivation theory, but as time went on and as can be seen in the more recent cited studies on audience response towards crime television, perceptions in this context are not homogenous. The impact of television towards perception and behavior can then be regarded on a case-to-case basis, especially as audience exposure is no longer limited to the offerings of television, in addition to the fact that there has been also the emergence of sub-genres among many other shows.

Overpopulation: Famine and Planet Earth Essay

Overpopulation is a natural hazard we must all do nearthing about. Not save is it destroying our natural habitat and ecosystem, it is also affecting either animal below us down the food chain. Besides the loss of biodiversity in our environment and the electronegative effects on our animal and plant life, overpopulating the Earth is severely cutting into our food supply. More and more people are going hungry every day due to our go up birth rates and the advancement in medical care for the elderly. We must figure out a track to provide our planet earth with the food it needs more efficiently without destroying what little bit of environmental biodiversity we have left. What do you call almost a gazillion people going hungry each day? Just a bad joke? No it is the reality we all must face. From 2008 to 2009, 40 zillion more people around the creation fell into the ranks of the undernourished (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations).This figure go forth contin ue to escalate due to the rising cost of growing, manufacturing, and distributing food around the world. It will push the malnourished population to the brink of starvation. On one hand, we use the technology available- (Genetically Modified Foods)-to relieve some of the pressure off of the main producers of our food. With GMFs introduced to innocent nations, food will grow in these regions of climatic diversity. On the other hand, we must attack the trouble from a platform of population control. Our worlds population will continue to be a major obstacle to overcome. With our depleting natural resources around the world and the lack of food for the inhabitants of every nation, it does seem that we are on a downward spiral, spinning out of control, without a lot of hope for recovery.The only way to rectify this growing problem is to persuade the entire world that there really is an appalling crisis at hand, and the difficulty that we are facing, affects everybody. The ramifications from a moderate part of countries imploding from their economic breakdown, due to their lack of population control, will affect every nation worldwide. The world exists in a symbiotic relationship with every beingness on this planet. From the dominant species on the planet to the tiniest creature, we all must contribute to the health and well being of our planet Earth. Most of the natural worldanimals and insectswill adapt to their surrounding environment to make it healthier for their kind to live.Out of every other species on the planet, except maybe microorganisms, humans seem to be the only group on the planet that does not adapt to their environment. We spread and spread further out into the world disregarding the health of the environment, over harvest-home our animal population, and invariably destroying what we need to survive. We tend to overlook the obvious population explosion, and the lack of food for the Earth and her people. This attitude will have to change worldw ide, if the impoverished nations and the not so impoverished nations are to have a chance to feed their growing families. All children of the world have the right to feel profuse and happy.

Importance of Ego

The Importance of Ego In the novella Anthem by all Rand, the last two chapters play an important part in bringing together the text as a whole. The narrator transitions from third to first somebody narration later on his escape from the dismal utopian society. Prometheus, the aforementioned narrator, recounts the history of human race and his struggle to overcome oppression by greater forces and precedentitarian figures. The author chooses to repeat symbols and words of man-to-manity and the benefits of singular work.Any Rand habits her novella Anthem to promote the importance of individuality in all aspects of lifetime. In her early life, the author, Any Rand, was undefendable to brutal oppression and collectivist thinking. Any Rand, born in SST. Petersburg, Russia in 1905 soon before the communist revolution occurred in 1917. Growing up she detested the institution she lived under, so she immigrated to America in 1926. Any Rand was educated in the USSR which gave her an up per hand that new(prenominal) Ameri apprize novelists didnt chip in. She had first-hand experience with communism which drove her to contrast It entirely. jibe to Rand, no outside power has the right to demand anything from an Individual or the work they can produce. In her lifetime, Rand wrote Atlas Shrugged, We the Living, the Fountainhead, and Anthem. Among other less popular whole kit and boodle by the end of her writing career. These fictional books advocate Individualism and bravery in a despotic society. Any Rand died in New York City, NY in 1982, going behind her a legacy which fueled more complex and innovative thinking in future generations of readers and philosophers.The style of Any Rands writing impacted the adult male of literature from the beginning. She defied cultural and political trends and established a unique space among fellow authors. According to Danna, Any Rands foreland was utterly first handed which proved to be very successful. Although at first sh e was misunderstood and deemed immature in a psychological sense, Any Rand became a reputable author through explanation of her philosophy Objectivism. According to Stephen Cox, Rand could not find a philosophy that reflected her beliefs so she created a new philosophy entirely.The success of Objectivism was long lived by Any Rand thanks to her attention and unconditional belief in the individual bear in mind. Her works are a protest to individual submission and they reject distinction just as the Objectivism theory does. This is why in her works she focuses inside the head of the narrator rather than the importance of a solid plot. The psychological aspect of her philosophy is seen especially in Anthem where the mind of one man has been destroyed by the foundation which raised him.In Anthem there is no sense of religion, either, which was Any Rands purpose In all of her novels. According personally to Any Rand, religion Is nothing but a brutal attempt to subjugate the Individual mind and individual goals each man should achieve. Objectivism Is only if a belief In ones own self. There Is no delve power or authoritarian force that can sway a persons decisions or thoughts to work for or against others. Individual power Is higher than corruption and collectivist ideology. Electives ideologists. In Anthem there is no distinct malevolent force, but citizens who have different hardwiring in their minds than Prometheus does. There is no villain, only good against good-different since villains are deemed irrelevant. For objectivism, it is more important to focus on the protagonist and their inner struggles ether than the community of interests and how an antagonist may impair them. One of the most important aspects of Anthem is its connection to the younger audience.Prometheus is a young adult trying to find his place in a society where he does not fit. According to Karen Gould any young adult would benefit from Promethiums struggle with identity because it is so easily relatable to them. Anthem, being one of Rands simplest novels, explains objectivism using inner psychological states which is a both practical and pleasing style of writing for any reader interested in examine Objectivism works. Effortlessly, Anthem brings together both a pleasing plot packed with Objectivism morals and ideas.The novel brings the kind of intensity a reader would think could change the course of history on the button what Any Rand imagined her work to do. The protagonists never give up their beliefs and assert their Stubborn views on their world. These morals are synonymous with the ideas of objectivism to never give up an individual thought, or decision because of outside forces. Anthem promotes outstanding moral character and individuality simply and with intensity, not to bore young readers, but to draw them towards take more complex objectivism works, such as the Fountainhead.Unlike many novels of the time, Any Rand chose to create an inner struggle fo r Prometheus to battle throughout the novel. The beginning shows his unwillingness to think other than the individual cannot exist apart from the collective society, regardless of his sinful thoughts. With each chapter a new part of individualism is revealed to Prometheus, but it is up to him to fit the pieces together. The satanic that he is doing does not bring him a Punishment rather a psychological reward for thinking as a singular person.Closing out the book, Prometheus richly understands that ego is A cause of splendor for man. The last two chapters of the novel represent the anthem of people Just like Prometheus and Gaga. Each paragraph can be read as a hymn or chant of people who remember in the individual mind, the people of Objectivism. Prometheus reflects on the history of man being enslaved by the gods and enslaved by other men and how detrimental this was to the ego of man. In his lifetime, the authority oppressed his society, and completely erased any evidence of fi rst person.The compendium of the wow-chapter anthem is that the only freedom left for men is taken away only by other men and each person has the ability to create the life they want, no superior being can control the fate of a person. Unlike the aforementioned critics, it can be speculated that Any Rand used religious symbols and illusions to take up fun of religion as a whole. Ego is the god that will grant men JOY and Prometheus and Gaga are very similar to the biblical Adam and Eve. The use of gods and religious symbols in this book further supports Objectivism ideas. To worship the Ego god is to worship oneself.There is no god to worship but the power inside oneself. Many critics believe that because Any Rand was atheist, that the religious symbols in her books happened by mistake, or were In reality and in fiction, Any Rand was a strong believer in the individualist mind and the power of one. Compiling her complex background, the breakthrough philosophy of objectivism, and l ack of religious beliefs, each of Rands novels proclaim the values and ideas of objectivism starting with the most basic Anthem. Even after her death, Any Rand still makes a very large impact on modern society and advanced philosophy today.

Copy Paste!

Here now is my work from the question? What depart I become 5 or 10 years from now it took me several weeks and I got a serious headache thinking about it well some(prenominal) way I came up with my own research about this, so far I managed to get some ideas and possibilities, I questi one(a)d some of my relatives and my family regarding my question in some manner my efforts is worth trying for because I chip in earned a good answers through them.No one can predict his own future and no one exactly can tell what will be your life next 5 or 10 years from 2010, theres a possibility that you will die or theres a possibility that you will have your own family you just cant tell. I trust my work help non just me however others as well. I always wanted to grab what will be my life in the future, what will be my career and what will I become? As I reflected my childhood I have many dreams and aspirations that I would like to accomplish in spite of appearance next v or ten years t o come.In five or ten years I can see myself having many of my goal accomplished, if not accomplished, I will be working on accomplishing those goals to fulfill my life. I know its not easy to know your life next five or ten years but I just cant stop thinking about it whenever I think about it I always smile seeing the sky above showing that I achieve my goals and see my family proud of me. Ten years from now I see myself as a very successful person. I would be 25 years old have a job to help support my family trance I attend college. I would live in a large house on a decent amount of property.I hope to be get hitched with or getting married in ten years. Then after I will have at least two kids and if I have more than oh well. I dont want just one, because then they will be alone and definitely would be spoiled. I would like to adopt a child, but if my husband doesnt then we wont. I will be a good mother and wife. My house will be fairly large with a inwardly pool and an outdo or pool. I will have nice brick tiled walkways leading to the barn, pastures, driveway, and pool. I will have nice landscaping around the house. A decent size pond behind the house where we could fish, swim and whatever else.

Experience Of Facilitating Cpbl Tutorials Education Essay

I am asked to ease PBL and CPBL at St. George s ( SGUL ) on a regular footing. Consequently, I selected this tuition be bewilder sex as the subject of this assignment, in order to let an destiny to see the function of these tutorials within undergraduate medical examination instruction and how to maximize the encyclopedism experience for the pupils.When I was a medical pupil, PBL was comparatively new and merely comprised a re solelyy little proportion of the bunk of hold. Since so, PBL has been progressively used in the UK and some(prenominal) medical inculcates now offer screen outs which about entirely employ PBL as the acquisition method. This has stimulated me to believe about the surmisal underlying PBL and how it comp atomic number 18s to handed-down undergraduate medical instruction.SGUL runs three separate undergraduate castes. One of these is the traditional five-year class, which accepts both school departers and alumnuss. In this assignment, I shall mention to this class as MBBS5. The other class that is relevant to this assignment is the quaternity-year class, which is merely unfastened to alumnuss. I shall mention to this class as MBBS4.The experience of succour CPBL tutorialsI shall be depicting my close to recent experience of easing a series of five hebdomadal CPBL tutorials with a group of seven pupils in the next-to-last twelvemonth of the MBBS4 class.I have chosen to concentrate on the 2nd tutorial in the series, as I felt that this was a peculiarly successful larning experience.As usual, the tutorial origined with ace of the pupils showing a patient role that they had seen. Once the instance had been presented, the other pupils asked inquiries, easing a sermon about diagnosing, direction program and any other issues that the instance generated. The pupils identified subjects that they would wish to contemplate ofttimes about and put larning aims consequently. They so researched these larning aims for treatment at the following tutorial.Once the pupils felt they had exhausted the treatment about the instance, we moved on to discoursing the larning aims pile the antiquated hebdomad. In the first tutorial, the pupils had identified the mental province scrutiny ( MSE ) as a subject that they would wish to read to a greater extent about.In the tutorial, the pupils discussed from each(prenominal) one country of the MSE, with peculiar central item on what inquiries to inquire to arouse symptoms from a patient. This stimulated an interesting conversation about the divers(prenominal) ways each pupil had learnt to arouse the symptoms. I also sh bed the inquiries that I use to analyze a patient s mental province. The pupils reached the decision that there was no individual right manner to inquire the inquiries and that they needed to develop their own(prenominal) manner that they felt comfy with.We so used function drama, during which I acted as a patient and the pupils were given an chance to pat tern executing a MSE. The pupils reported that they set up this highly utile, as it helped them to get down to develop their ain method for MSE and improved their confidence for executing the scrutiny on a existent patient.Critical contemplation on the experienceI a great deal feel dying prior to learning Sessionss. My specific anxiousnesss around PBL tutorials include actuating the pupils, as I have found it hard in old tutorials to promote MBBS5 pupils to originate a treatment staying within the boundaries of my function as a facilitator, instead than render a didactic instruction session and a fright that the pupils leave behind inquire inquiries that I am un commensurate to rejoinder.I exhaustively enjoyed easing this set of tutorials. This was my first experience of tutorials with the MBBS4 pupils. I found them to be much more occupied with the tutorials than their equals on the MBBS5 class. They were competent to bring forth first-class treatments without motivating f rom me. I found it easier to stay within my function as a facilitator, instead than submiting fighting(a) instruction.The pupils discussed complicated psychological constructs at a high degree, which I found peculiarly exciting. This highlighted the deepness of intimacy that can be gained from others and reminded me how of import it is for physicians to pull upon this cognition as they progress finished their callings, instead than dismissing their juniors as pedagogues.The MBBS4 pupils come from a huge assortment of back effort, so each was able to convey a different set of accomplishments and cognition to the tutorials. For illustration, one of the pupils had a background in catering and she was able to raise of import issues about a patient s nutritional position that I would non hold considered.In the past, I have found myself learning instead than easing in CPBL and PBL. However, during this set of tutorials, I found that I was fail at inquiring inquiries to motivate the pupils to believe about the right replies, instead than stating them the reply. I felt that this was withal what the pupils wanted, whereas in my old experiences with MBBS5 pupil groups, the pupils frequently seem acute to be spoon-fed the replies, instead than utilizing treatment to obtain cognition from their equals. This whitethorn be because the MBBS4 class uses PBL as its chief acquisition method from the start of the class, so the MBBS4 pupils are more familiar with the format and anticipate to larn by autonomous acquisition and sharing of cognition. On the contrary, the MBBS5 pupils have a nap more traditional dress downs and are accustomed to being taught in this mode.I did non see in anxiousness during this set of tutorials. We successfully created a safe, relaxed environment and the pupils seemed to experience comfy inquiring inquiries and discoursing hard feelings that they had undergo. This may hold been because all the pupils in the group knew each other and were used to working with each in PBL scenes. Again this is different to easing tutorials with MBBS5 pupils, who frequently are non well-acquainted with the other members of the group because until now the MBBS5 class has had a much larger cohort than the MBBS4 class.However, the Numberss accepted onto the MBBS4 class are increasing and I wondered whether this will impact on the group kineticss in MBBS4 PBL tutorials.In footings of countries for betterment, I think it would hold been helpful if I had besides researched the larning aims each hebdomad. I was surprised by the deepness and comprehensiveness of tuition by the pupils. At times, they discussed really complex topics and I was non ever able to reply their inquiries. For me, this highlighted the abrasion of my cognition since finishing my postgraduate scrutinies devil old ages ago and encouraged me to set about more professional reading and alteration.On a positive note, I think the pupils found it helpful to see that I was able to work aptly as a senior physician in spite of being unable to remember everything I have learnt. Students can experience overwhelmed by how much they have to larn and retain. I felt that I was able to reassure them that it is acceptable non to be able to remember everything you have learnt and that you can mention to text books.I received positive feedback through verbal remarks from the pupils and indite feedback to the class organizers. The pupils seemed to bask the tutorials and found them of educational value. Equally good as discoursing the instances and larning aims, we discussed a calling in psychopathology, as a figure of the pupils expressed an contact in this field. I think I was able to give the pupils a realistic and enthusiastic penetration into my profession. My hope is that, even if the pupils do non prosecute a calling in psychopathology, they will hold a positive position of mental wellness professionals, assisting to decrease stigmatization of the profession. Key pointsWhat is the thou behind the development of PBL tier of canvas?Does holding an sense experience facilitating PBL impact on pupil acquisition?Are graduates better suited to PBL?Literature reappraisalMy literature hunt revealed really marginal literature on CPBL. Therefore, I have decided to concentrate my cardinal points and literature reappraisal on the broader subject of PBL.The theoretical footing of PBLOriginally, PBL was based on the possible action of contextual acquisition. The basic rule is that when stuff is learnt in the context of how it will be used, it supports acquisition and capacity to engage the information. PBL uses this rule by supplying a instance in the real-life context of a patient sing a physician.Colliver ( 2000 ) undertook a reappraisal of the literature and concluded that the contextual acquisition financial statement was based on a weak research determination.Albanese ( 2000 ) concurred with Colliver s unfavorable judgment of contextual la rning theory as an statement for PBL and proposed four new theories for perceptiveness how and why PBL works, specifically information-processing theory, concert acquisition, self-government theory and control theory.Schmidt ( 1983 ) claimed that information-processing theory underpinned PBL. This theory involves three major elements, viz. anterior cognition activation, encoding specificity and amplification of cognition. Prior cognition activation is the procedure of pupils utilizing previously-gained cognition to understand and organize new information. Encoding specificity is mistakable to contextual acquisition theory, i.e. acquisition is promoted when the environment in which something is learned resembles the environment in which it will be applied. Amplification of cognition describes how information will be better understood and easier to remember when there is an chance for amplification in the signifier of treatment and replying inquiries.This theory incorporates conte xtual larning theory notwithstanding provides a more comprehensive theory for understanding PBL.I will now briefly discuss each of the other three larning theories of PBL proposed by Albanese ( 2000 ) and reflect on my experience of easing PBL with regard to these theories. First, concerted larning refers to an person s perceptual experience that they can merely carry through their ends if the other group members besides do so.Qin et Al ( 1995 ) conducted a meta-analysis of surveies measuring the government issue of concerted versus emulous acquisition on job work outing. They defined cooperation as the presence of joint ends, common wagess, shared resources, and complementary functions among members of a group. In competitory acquisition state of affairss, persons perceived that they could merely make their ends if the other group members could non. They found that members of concerted squads outperformed persons viing with each other with regard to job work outing. These conseq uences held for persons of all ages and for surveies of high, medium, and low quality. The high quality of cooperation, nevertheless, was great on non-linguistic than on lingual jobs.I observed concerted acquisition in action during the set of CPBL tutorials that I have described in this assignment. The pupils were acute to portion the cognition that they had reaped from autonomous acquisition and support all group members to achieve the same degree of understanding. I felt that the pupils were better able to place the beginnings of misconstruing if a fellow pupil was fighting to understand a construct than I was as an adept facilitator. self-government theory may underlie affairs of pauperism and behavior relevant to PBL. Williams et Al ( 1999 ) argue that self-government theory has the possible to significantly better instruction. The theory differentiates mingled with two types of actuating conditions, controlled and independent. Controlled incentives are thought to be malada ptive and include external gather ups every maculation good as introjected order , which are internalized beliefs about what one should make. These are all associated with either explicit or inexplicit wagess or penalties. Under controlled signifiers of motive, persons act with a sense of soldiery per unit area and anxiousness. In educational footings, this refers to ephemeral, rote acquisition, which pupils do non incorporate into their long-run values and accomplishments. Albanese ( 2000 ) inferred that traditional course of training tended to affect controlled signifiers of motive.Albanese ( 2000 ) described independent incentives as those which are personally endorsed by the scholar and reflect what the single engenders interesting and of import . In comparing to the external wagess and penalties associated with controlled motivation conditions, independent motive allows the person to act with a sense of will, bureau, and pick.PBL promotes independent incentives by sing the positions of the pupils and encouraging pupils to accept more duty for their ain acquisition. I felt that I was able to back up this by inquiring the pupils what they wanted to accomplish from the tutorials, easing their treatments by inquiring motivating inquiries and seeking the sentiments and feelings of pupils in a non-judgemental mode. As I discussed in my contemplation, we were able to make a safe, relaxed environment, which minimised force per unit area and control and encouraged a high degree of mankind demonstration and collaborative acquisition.The concluding theory of PBL proposed by Albanese ( 2000 ) was control theory. This theory was foremost introduced by Glasser ( 1986 ) , who conjectured that all behaviors, including acquisition is intended to fulfill one or more of the undermentioned five internal demands1 ) To last 2 ) To belong and be loved by others 3 ) To hold power and importance 4 ) To hold freedom and independency and5 ) To hold merriment.Albanes e felt that PBL satisfies all five demands. It allows freedom because the pupils are able to construction their clip and take what to discourse. It satisfies the demand for power, as pupils have the power to put their ain acquisition aims. PBL promotes love and belonging because it allows pupils and facilitators to go more personally involved with one another than in talks. The literature ( Albanese and Mitchell, 1993 ) foreground how both pupils and module enjoy PBL, thereby fulfilling the demand for merriment. PBL promotes survival through pupils assisting pupils. These claims by Albanese ( 2000 ) are in harmony with what I experienced as the facilitator of the CPBL tutorials.To reason, although Colliver ( 2000 ) found the theoretical development of PBL to hold been weak, there is an array of theory that can be applied to PBL. I have described four theories but there may be others. Further research is required to look into how theory can be transformed into effectual PBL.Comparis on of PBL-based and traditional course of studyIn the primaeval 1990s, four separate systematic reappraisals comparing PBL to traditional course of study were print. I shall summarize these reappraisals before traveling on to discourse the more recent literature.The first reappraisal was published in 1992 by Norman and Schmidt, who examined the psychological footing for PBL. They found no grounds that PBL brought about betterment in frequent, content-free problem-solving accomplishments . However, they felt that there was some preliminary grounds to propose that PBL may heighten both transportation of constructs to new jobs and integrating of basic scientific straighten out constructs into clinical jobs . Their other decisions were, acquisition in a PBL format may ab initio cut down degrees of larning but may further, over periods up to several(prenominal) old ages, increased keeping of cognition PBL enhances intrinsic involvement in the capable affair and PBL appears to heighten autonomous acquisition accomplishments, and this sweetening may be maintained .Albanese and Mitchell ( 1993 ) conducted a systematic reappraisal and meta-analysis of literature on the results and execution issues of PBL. They concluded from their findings that, compared with conventional medical instruction, PBL is more nurturing and gratifying PBL graduates perform every bit good, and sometimes better, on clinical scrutinies and they are more likely to come in household medical specialty. However, they besides found that PBL graduates tended to prosecute in transposed concluding instead than the forward concluding apts engage in, and at that place appeared to be spreads in their cognitive cognition base that could impact pattern results.Vernon and Blake ( 1993 ) published a really similar meta-analysis of the literature, which back up the high quality of the PBL attack over more traditional methods . They found that pupil attitudes, category attending and moda lity were all systematically more positive for PBL than for traditional classs. In footings of clinical operation, PBL pupils performed better than traditional pupils. However, there was no important difference between the two groups on steps of clinical cognition.The decisions of a literature reappraisal by Berkson ( 1993 ) were much less positive, saying, the alumnus of PBL is non distinguishable from his or her traditional opposite number. The experience of PBL can be nerve-racking for pupil and module. And execution of PBL may be unrealistically dearly-won. In 2000, Colliver reviewed the medical instruction literature from 1992 to 1998, including the four chief reappraisals of PBL from the early 1990s, and produced a unfavourable overview of PBL, its effectivity for cognition acquisition and clinical public presentation, and the implicit in educational theory.Colliver concluded, the reappraisal of the literature revealed no converting grounds that PBL improves knowledge base and clinical public presentation, at least non of the magnitude that would be expected given the resources required for a PBL course of study . Unlike old reappraisals, Colliver s reappraisal challenged believing about the educational effectivity of PBL. Colliver suggested that farther research was required to clear up both theory and pattern.Subsequently in 2000, Norman and Schmidt responded to Colliver s paper with their ain reading of the research grounds. They did non believe its was commensurate to trust on randomized controlled tests and argued for the usage of a wide scene of research designs and variables.Albanese ( 2000 ) besides produced a paper as a rejoinder to the reappraisal by Colliver. Albanese used consequences of pupils from differing course of study on the United States medical Licensing Examination ( USMLE ) to propose that PBL produced higher tonss than traditional talks. Albanese concluded that the positive consequence that PBL has on the acquisition environ ment is a worthwhile addition in, and of, itself , despite the absence seizure of a thorough apprehension of its consequence on cognition.Since 2000, PBL has been used progressively in undergraduate medical instruction in the UK. During this clip the educational theory behind PBL has continued to develop and several new reappraisals and surveies have been published.A reappraisal was conducted by Newman ( 2003 ) , which included merely randomised controlled tests and quasi-experimental surveies in which pupil public presentation or other results were objectively measured. They concluded that results for pupils in the PBL groups were less favorable than those in the control group . However, there was no consensus in the surveies that they reviewed on what constituted a control group.Dochy et Al ( 2003 ) were responsible for another recent meta-analysis of the effects of PBL, which showed that PBL had a positive consequence on cognition application of pupils. However, no consequenc e on cognition was found.A figure of surveies including that by Prince et Al ( 2005 ) ( look into ref ) have used self-report questionnaires to compare the sentiments and competences of alumnuss from PBL and non-PBL schools. The consequences suggest that PBL alumnuss are better prepared with regard to several of the competences.Antepohl et Al ( 2003 ) conducted a questionnaire survey of all alumnuss of the new PBL medical course of study at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Sweden. They found that alumnuss of the new medical course of study showed a high grade of satisfaction with their undergraduate instruction and how it prepared them for medical pattern . However, this survey had some restrictions. The usage of postal questionnaires introduces response prejudice. They had a good response rate of 77 % but it is possible that the 23 % who did non react may non hold a positive position of their medical instruction.This survey raised inquiries sing the grade to which alumnuss subjective retrospective rating of their ain undergraduate instruction can supply relevant information refering the quality of the class. Schmidt and van der Molen ( 2001 ) overcame this issue when comparing PBL alumnuss to traditional alumnuss. They identified and corrected self-overestimation among PBL alumnuss by mentioning to self-ratings consequences in countries in which a difference between PBL and traditional pupils was non expected. If differences did occur, they were used to quantify self-overestimation and to rectify for it.Tiwari et Al ( 2006 ) conducted a randomised controlled test aimed at comparing the effects of PBL and lecture attacks on the development of pupils critical thought. Their consequences revealed that PBL pupils had significantly higher critical thought temperament tonss on completion of PBL compared with talk pupils . They besides continued to hold higher tonss, albeit to a lesser grade, than the talk pupils for two old ages afterwa rds. This survey involved little Numberss of pupils and relied upon self-report by pupils, which can present recall prejudice. Despite these restrictions, this survey highlights the demand for farther research to find whether the differences in critical thought are maintained in subsequent old ages.Besides in 2006, Schmidt et al conducted a big, robust survey comparing professional competences of PBL alumnuss to traditional alumnuss in the Netherlands. Participants were asked to finish a questionnaire, evaluation themselves on 18 professional competences derived from the literature. They concluded, PBL non merely affects the typical PBL-related competences in the interpersonal and cognitive spheres, but besides the more general work-related accomplishments that are deemed of import for success in professional pattern .More late, Koh and co-workers ( 2008 ) performed a systematic reappraisal of how PBL during medical school affected the susceptibility of physicians after graduati on. The writers merely included publications that incorporated a control group of alumnuss from a traditional course of study. This high quality study employed a thorough methodological analysis, whereby physicians ego appraisals of their competences and appraisals by independent perceivers were considered individually. Small correlativity was seen between self-assessed and observer-assessed competence. Self-assessment showed a strong degree of grounds against PBL for ownership of medical cognition, but this was non confirmed by independent observation. The writers concluded that PBL has positive effects on alumnus competences in of import societal and cognitive spheres. Again, one of the jobs with this reappraisal was the absence of a definition of the control traditional course of study.In 2009, Macallan et Al evaluated which constituents of CPBL contributed most to the success of the theoretical account utilizing semi-structured questionnaires, focal point groups and a cons ensus method. They showed that pupils found CPBL a positive acquisition experience . They found that successful CPBL was supported by the coach s degree of expertness and a non-threatening acquisition environment, contributing to student oppugning . This survey verified the thought that CPBL is a parallel instruction attack that helps construction the instruction hebdomad, but does non replace traditional bedside instruction .AndragogyUpon contemplation, I noted important differences in the manner in which the MBBS 4 pupils interacted in the CPBL tutorials and their ability to utilize these tutorials as a larning tool compared to pupils on the MBBS 5 class. I wondered whether this may reflect how learning manners change as we become grownups and mature.McCrorie ( 2002 ) described graduate-entry pupils as extremely motivated and committed and much more autonomous, ambitious, demanding, oppugning . Alumnuss have already larn how to analyze and how to ration the other enticem ents of pupil life in order to maintain up with their surveies. This makes them better able to manage a autonomous acquisition attack ( Rushforth, 2004 ) .Taylor et al stated, the major difference between grownups and younger scholars is the wealth of their experience ( Taylor, Marienau, & A Fiddler, 2000, p.7 ) . This is something that I reflected on following the CPBL tutorials, as the pupils in the group came from a assortment of backgrounds. Each pupil was able to convey a different position and cognition to the group, leting for a richer acquisition environment.On the other manus, pupils on the MBBS 5 class who have started their medical grade heterosexual from school tend to hold a similar educational background and experiences.In the 1950s, Malcolm Knowles developed the theory of andragogical acquisition, contrasting the larning methods of grownups with those of kids, pedagogical acquisition. Knowles claimed that one of the chief differences between these two signifiers o f acquisition was that the function of the pedagogue was minimised in grownup acquisition.Andragogy is based on the undermentioned five premises about how grownups learn and their attitude towards and motive for larning ( Kaufman, 2003 ) Adults are independent and self directing They have accumulated a great trade of experience, which is a rich resource for acquisition They value larning that integrates with the demands of their mundane life They are more interested in immediate, job centred attacks than in capable centred 1s andThey are more motivated to larn by internal thrusts than by external 1s.Learner-centeredness is described in the literature as a separating feature of grownup instruction. Traditional medical course of study reflect inform pupils as to what they should larn and what sorts of cognition are considered of import ( dress & A Sissel, 2001 ) ( Titmus, 1999 ) . In contrast, PBL places scholars at the Centre of their learning experience and promotes flexibleness and individualization for autonomous, sceptered grownups ( Manusco, 2000 ) .However, andragogy has been criticised, as grownups do non automatically go autonomous upon accomplishing maturity. They may non be psychologically equipped for it and may prefer or necessitate way from others ( Beitler, 1997 ) ( Titmus, 1999 ) ( Courtney, Vasa, Luo, & A Muggy, 1999 ) . Kaufman ( 2003 ) suggested that alumnuss may hold some restrictions to their acquisition, including fixed learning attacks, greater fiscal concerns and a limited scientific background at registration.Survey of the literature reveals a deficiency of empirical grounds to back up the eminence between childhood and grownup acquisition. Nonetheless, many instruction methods that are frequently used in higher instruction, including experiential acquisition, pupil liberty and autonomous acquisition, chemical group from andragogy.Analysis of literature and treatmentWhat is the grounds behind the development of PBL course of study? In the early 1990s, four systematic reappraisals of undergraduate medical instruction carefully supported the short-run and long-run results of PBL compared with traditional acquisition ( Albanese & A Mitchell, 1993 Vernon & A Blake, 1993 Berkson, 1993 Norman & A Schmidt, 1992 ) .There were restrictions to the reappraisals, as highlighted by Albanese and Mitchell ( 1993 ) , including failings in the standards used to measure the results of PBL general failings in survey design a limited research base, with surveies of PBL course of study coming from merely a smattering of medical schools and diverseness in what different persons call PBL.Furthermore, these surveies were conducted at a clip when PBL was a comparatively new and advanced manner of medical instruction. Therefore, studies of negative experiences may non hold been submitted or accepted for publication. There was besides a hazard of confusing, as it is really hard to randomly assign pupils to different learning me thods for big sections of their preparation.These restrictions lessen the assurance one can give decisions drawn from the literature sing the results of PBL at that clip.On the whole, recent research mostly supports the findings of the earlier reappraisals, which suggested that alumnuss of PBL course of study are better able to use cognition and map clinically. However, the literature does non show differences in the cognition base of alumnuss from the two different course of study.Albanese ( 2000 ) argued that PBL improves clinical competency by doing pupils more confident and self-conscious as professional scholars, thereby bring forthing more efficient and enthusiastic physicians.However, non all the literature is accordant with this position. Rolfe et Al ( 1995 ) present that alumnuss from a traditional course of study were rated higher for instruction, diagnostic accomplishments and apprehension of basic mechanisms compared to those from a PBL course of study.There is a wealt h of grounds to back up the claim that PBL consequences in greater participant enjoyment and enthusiasm for larning than traditional medical instruction. For illustration, Colliver ( 2000 ) found that pupils value the interpersonal accomplishments that PBL encourages and that are besides cardinal to effectual clinical pattern.Research into this field continues to be debatable. A batch of the recent surveies used questionnaires to compare the results of different course of study, which introduce callback and response prejudice.When measuring some PBL numerical surveies, I noticed that the surveies were non based on any learning theory or were non proving anticipations from a larning theory and, consequently does non offer better apprehension of why or why non PBL might work. A challenge for future research is to utilize larning theory to plan quantitative PBL surveies and use the information from surveies to back up theory.Macallan et Al ( 2009 ) considered CPBL from the pupils p oint of view. They acknowledge that this is a common restriction of PBL research, as pupils may non right perceive those movers that genuinely heighten their acquisition . However, I agree with their remark that more nonsubjective steps are hard to use in this context.Another of the failings of the surveies that I have encountered is that comparings are frequently made between pupils or alumnuss from different medical schools. Consequently, it is hard to cognize whether any differences observed are the consequence of course of study design or the overall context of the school.Although randomised controlled tests have non been able to turn out statistical effectivity of PBL, there is considerable practical grounds from the 1993 reappraisals that pupils and module enjoy PBL more than traditional instruction methods.There are a assortment of statements for believing that it is excessively early to accept the negative findings of the literature. It seems that more refined research m ethods and a wider scope of research designs and variables are required to place educational alterations in a complex, larning environment. Bligh ( 2000, page ) stated, deficiency of difficult scientific grounds for the effectivity of PBL is non a ground for detaining execution of PBL in course of study .There is chance for more UK-based surveies following the debut of PBL-based course of study at many UK medical schools over the past 10 old ages. The literature sing CPBL is really thin, so this could be a cardinal focal point of future research.Does holding an adept facilitating PBL impact on pupil acquisition?There is much contention in the literature as to whether an adept PBL facilitator promotes larning or non.Barrows ( 1985 ) suggested that non-directive facilitation was more of import than subject-matter expertness when he described the function of PBL coach as follows Alternatively of giving pupils the information and facts they need through talks and readings, they must larn to ease and indirectly guide pupil larning. They must let pupils to find on their ain what they need to cognize and to larn through the survey of varied resources. Alternatively of stating pupils precisely that they should larn and in what sequence they should larn it, the coach must assist pupils find this for themselves. Hendry et Al ( 2003 ) claimed that some PBL coachs are excessively dominant. They reported that a dominant coach causes tenseness and struggle in groups which leads to miss of committedness, cynicism or pupil absenteeism . However, it has besides been shown that excessively small regularization by the facilitator besides causes jobs.Silver and Wilkerson ( 1991 ) demonstrated that adept coachs impede student-to-student treatment by taking a more directing function in the tutorials, talking more frequently, supplying direct replies to pupils inquiries and proposing more points for treatment.However, other surveies have found the opposite consequence. A surv ey by Eagle et Al ( 1992 ) found that in tutorials facilitated by an adept coach, pupils generated twice every bit many larning issues and spent about twice the sum of clip on autonomous survey than pupils go toing tutorials facilitated by non-experts.Macallan et Al ( 2009 ) found that pupils greatly appreciated it when adept clinicians demonstrated how clinical logical thinking applied to the instance .As a consequence of these contradictory findings, some research workers began to look into the relationship between coach features and differential contextual fortunes ( Dolmanset al, 2002 ) . These surveies were based on the impression that PBL is a complex acquisition environment in which different variables influence each other reciprocally ( Dolmans et al, 2005 ) .Schmidt examined the consequence of coach expertness on trial tonss under conditions of PBL classs with low or high construction and curricular stuffs that match ill or good to pupils degree of anterior cognition ( Schmidt, 1994 ) . He found that when the construction of a class is low and/or pupils lack anterior cognition, the coach s expertness has a greater impact on pupil public presentations.Dolmans et Al ( 1999 ) demonstrated that tutorial groups with comparatively low degrees of productiveness require much more input from a coach than extremely productive groups. As discussed in my contemplation, this is consistent with my experience. The MBBS4 pupils were extremely productive and my function in the tutorials was minimum. On the other manus, my old experience of PBL and CPBL with MBBS5 pupils has been that the pupils did non prosecute in the procedure or bring forth sufficient treatment or larning aims. In these tutorials, I found myself taking a much more cardinal function.Bochner et Al ( 2002 ) identified one contributory factor to the inconsistent findings is as the fact that there are no established criterions by which to find expertness.Although there has been debate as to whether the facilitator needs to be an expert , the consensus position seems to be that expertness in group kineticss together with supportive enthusiasm is more valuable than deep capable cognition.I found that, for the most portion in this series of tutorials, my function was entirely as a facilitator. However, the pupils on occasion discussed complex clinical issues, which were non easy to to the full understand from reading a text edition. This was when I would step in to explicate the construct in the clinical context.DecisionHelped to understand how PBL should run to be effectual attempt to utilize motivating inquiries instead than give direct repliesUse ice surfs at first tutorial to assist with group kineticssThe accomplishment of PBL facilitation is that of cognizing when to supply aid to the group, be it proposing utile resources they might wish to see or come ining with thought arousing remarks to steer the comprehensiveness and deepness of acquisition, without needfully leav ing facts.4a4Maudsley G. Roles and duties of the problem-based acquisition coach in the undergraduate medical course of study. BMJ1999 318657-61.

Comparison and Contrast of “The Most Dangerous Game” and “The Child by Tiger” Essay

Thesis In these two stories we observe some of mans darker nature. We observe two seemingly normal people with dark expressions to each of them and will explain how each one is similar and also in truth several(predicate) from one anformer(a). I. The protagonist, universal Zar mutilate is the chief(prenominal) focus of the essay, because of his darker nature and his motivations. A. At scratch, ecumenic Zar gain comes bump off as welcoming and kind in nature for taking Rainsford in. He gives Rainsford food, clothing and foster after being lost at sea. B. The man explains to Rainsford that he has been a hunter his whole life and is dear(p) at what he does, but he has grown bored of hunting animals. C. He whence comes to conclusion that he hunts man because of their strength, courage, and reason. D. Eventually he then forces Rainsford to participate in the jeopardize as Zaroffs game. E.In the end, Rainsford finds his way of life back to the house and kills Zaroff, leaving h im a s food for the hounds II. In the fabrication, The Child by Tiger, son of a bitch Prosser is the main character of the story. A. At premier the story comes of praising slit, almost making him seem perfect. He is a deeply religious man that was very smart in the things he did, and the Shepperton family believed there was nonhing he could not do. B. He seems kind at first willing to help in any way he flush toilet with the family. Although, throughout the story they explain that there is something off about him. How he moves quietly like a cat, and until now though he was deeply religious it seemed very dark and strange. The motivations are unclear from the character and almost unpredictable from the beginning of the story. C. The town wakes up in a apprehension one night, with word going around that Dick Prosser is on a rampage and has killed several people.D. Town starts a mob that tracks him down through the timber and past the creek. He kills a few more men and runs out of ammunition. He then throws his gun to the side and moves towards the creek. E. The mob shoots him down, over 300 generation according to a man who is boasting about it later on in the story. III. General Zaroff and Dick Prosser are both similar in that they both had come off as seemingly normal people, and yet they both had a dark and twisted side to the both of them. A. Dick Prosser comes off as a gentle soul who the children of the Shepperton all trust and gives off the belief that he is a good person. B. General Zaroff at first comes off as a normal man who likes to live in solitude and enjoys the finer things, even being warm and welcoming by inviting Rainsford into his home. IV. They differ more than they compare, even though they both share the same twisted, dark nature.A. General Zaroff seems to live in almost his own mind where he has convinced himself that hunting other tender-hearted beings as being completely normal. It has become an exciting game and there is no thing that you can see about him that has snapped or has gone round the bend He just now wants to hunt something more exciting, whether it is morally wrong. B. Dick Prosser is a colored servant for a white family back in the set epoch where everything is very racially segregated. He works for a wealthy white family and seems to come off as a goodhearted man who is of good use to the family. wherefore one night it seems as though he has snapped and unleashes his inner demons on the town, killing many innocent victims. At the end, when the Sheppertons go into his room and find the chapter that he has left the Bible on shows that this was most likely pre-meditated. V. In conclusion, although both character came from two different backgrounds and the stories were both very different, they were alike in the situation that they both had darker sides of them that had been unleashed. A. both stories lay out how easy it is for mankind to be dark in nature and to become something monstr ous. B. Whether it be planned and turned into a game or on a whim of the dark demons inside of them letting out, they both lived lives of corruption, which in turn, led to their inevitable deaths.Thesis These two stories show the darker side of human nature, and although someone can seem perfectly normal, they may have a darker side to them that no one would ever expect.In the two stories, The around Dangerous Game and The Child by Tiger, these two seemingly normal men come off as almost kind hearted and good natured people in the beginning of both stories. Later on, we realize that this is not so, and these two both have more in common than they are different.General Zaroff seems to be very hospitable and helps a man in need when Rainsford comes to his door after being lost at sea. He takes him into his home and feeds him, gives him clothing, and a nice comfortable place to sleep in.In the other story, Dick Prosser comes off as a kind and gentle man who the Sheppertons claimed was their best negro man theyd ever had. In the beginning of the story, it seems that they have nothing negative to say about him and there is little that Dick Prosser could not do. Dick would teach the boys of the family how to play football or would teach them other handy things, coming off as a role model to the children. Dick Prosser was also a deeply religious man and would read his Bible every day, the children started to notice something odd about him. The way he moved was very quiet and unnoticed, and although he was religious, there was something dark and strange about it. General Zaroff explains to Rainsford that hunting big game animal has become boring to him and he precious something more exciting of a hunt for him. As he goes on explaining his crude quarry, Rainsford discovers that Zaroff is talking about hunting humans. Zaroff explains it is exciting because humans have courage, cunning, and reason. They can think logically and make it a harder hunt for Zaroff, thus fa r making it more exciting.He then tells Rainsford he want him to be his new quarry and gives him a three hour head start for the hunt. Throughout the three days of hunting down Rainsford he comes across three different types of traps that Rainsford has tried setting up to trap him. Each one fails to trap General Zaroff, but he finds this more amusing then anything and throughout the story he seems to enjoy these traps more because they make it a more exciting game for him. In the story his dark nature is revealed at the beginning with his converse with Rainsford. The moment Rainsford figures out what Zaroff is speaking about, you see that there is something much darker about him. He is not the normal hunter with good hospitality skills that the story first initiates.He is now a twisted and dark murderer who finds amusement out of hunting down human beings. Throughout the story, Dick Prosser starts coming off as more increasingly strange and almost scary as it progresses. A man in t he village hits the Shepppertons car and angrily punches Dick in the face. Everyone notices his eyes turn red but he does not hit him back. The gun that he warns the children not to speak about until Christmas morning sends off another warning sign that something is not right.Why would he be wanting to hide that from the family if there was an innocent reasoning behind it? When the sirens go off in the village and everyone is awoken to the warnings that Dick Prosser is on a murderous rampage, the town starts to panic. By that time in the story he is claimed to have already killed six-spot people. The town forms angry mob that chases him down to the creek. Eventually, they catch up to him and he has run out of bullets. He then calmly walks down to the creek, takes off his place and sets them aside and gets down on his knees. The mob of angry men shoot him well over three hundred times even though the first shot had likely killed him immediately. Both of these men share the characte ristics that they each had a darker, more vile side to them then first expected. The differences between them is that General Zaroff simply had grown bored and wanted something more exciting to hunt. Out of his own selfish needs for entertainment he had decided to start killing human beings for sport.Dick Prosser is a little harder to understand. At first he seems like an all-around good Christian man who wants nothing more than to be of enormous help to the family. Its hard to say whether he did it because he had it planned all along from the beginning and he was more evil than good, or if he had simply snapped after a buildup of emotions and went on a murderous rampage. In the story, after running out of bullets, he takes his shoes off and sets them neatly aside, then stands up and accepts his fate. It seemed like this was his plan all along, to do his evil deed then go out with his religious mindset.The family later on finds the Bible left open on Psalm 234, Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil for thou art with me thy rod and thy staff they comfort me. Whether he believes that God would have been forgiving of him after what he had done is a mystery. Both of these stories portray that as humans we have a good and evil side and if that balance is upset and evil takes over it can have terrible outcomes. Both of these characters chose the evil side of their good and evil balance and because they lived their lives in corruption, it resulted in their inevitable death.ResourcesConnell, R. (1924) The Most Dangerous GameWolfe, T. (1937) The Child by Tiger